islamic calendar 2016 shia muharram 2016

365/975), the 14th Ismaili imam, instructed Syedna Al-Qadi al-Nu'man to proclaim in his Friday sermon the significance of ʿAashura and elucidate the manner in which it should be commemorated. ĭuring the Fatimid Caliphate, Imam Al-Mu'izz li-Din Allah (d. In the Umayyad Caliphate, the mourning of Husain ibn Ali's Killing was performed furtively in the homes of Shia Imam and their followers, but during the Abbasid Caliphate this mourning was observed in public mosques by the Abbasid rulers to draw people's attention. Īccording to the History of the Prophets and Kings, when Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin gave the sermon in presence of Yazid, he let them hold the mourning of Husain ibn Ali for three days in a formal manner. News of Imam Husayn ibn Ali's martyrdom was spread by Imam Zain-ul-Abideen, who succeeded Imam Husayn as the Shia Imam, via sermons and speeches throughout Iraq, Syria and Hejaz. Following the Battle of Karbala, Muhammad's granddaughter Zaynab bint Ali and sister of Imam Husayn, began mourning for the fallen and making speeches against Imam Husayn ibn Ali's opponents: Ibn Ziyad, Yazid I, Umar Ibne Saad, Shimr ibn Dhil-jawshan and Hurmala. History Īccording to Shia sources, the mourning of Muharram was started by the family, especially women, of Muhammad (the Ahl-ul-Bayt) immediately after the death of his grandson and even before entering Damascus. In its technical sense, a majalis is a meeting, a session or a gathering.

The term majalis has both a grammatical meaning and a meaning which relates to Aza-e-Husayn. Muharram rituals was often called by European observers 'the Feast of Hasan and Hosayn,' as the participants shout 'Hasan! Hosayn!' Whilst matam being recited in English is still relatively new, the works of renowned reciter Sayed Ali Radhawi and respected published poet Nouri Sardar have helped push mourning to an English audience. In recent years there has been a rise in English eulogies with added chest beating across the western world expressing sorrow and grief, predominantly in London, UK. In India and Pakistan it is called matam or matam-dari/sina aannee (chest beating). Įxpression of grief with thumping of the chest by Shia Muslims is known as latmya, latmaya or latmia in Arabic-Persian countries. Majalis-e Aza, also known as Aza-e Husayn, includes mourning congregations, lamentations, matam and all such actions which express the emotions of grief and above all, revulsion against what Yazid I stood for. The words Azadari ( Persian: عزاداری) or Sogvari (سوگواری) which mean mourning and lamentation and Majalis-e Aza have been exclusively used in connection with the remembrance ceremonies for the martyrdom of Imam Hussain (A.S). The word Muharram ( Arabic: مُحَرَّم) comes from Arabic which is the name of the first month of the year in the Islamic calendar. Self-flagellation has been practiced but is now considered haram (prohibited) by some namely Irani Usuli Shia authorities ( maraji). Storytelling, weeping and chest beating, wearing black, partial fasting, street processions, and re-enactments of the Battle of Karbala form the crux of the observances. Muharram observances are carried out in countries with a sizable Shia Muslim population. The commemoration of this event during the yearly mourning season, with the Day of Ashura as the focal date, serves to define Shia communal identity. Family members and companions accompanying him were either killed or subjected to humiliation. The event marks the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala (AD 680/AH 61), when Imam Hussain ibn Ali, a grandson of Prophet Muhammad, was martyred by the forces of Ubayd Allah ibn Ziyad, on the orders of Yazid I. Many of the events associated with the ritual take place in congregation halls known as Hussainia or Imambargah. The commemoration falls in Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. The Mourning of Muharram (also known as Azadari, Remembrance of Muharram or Muharram Observances) is a set of commemoration rituals observed primarily by Shia Muslims.

Islamic calendar 2016 shia muharram 2016